
Tutorials : confounders
What is a confounder?
A confounder is a variable which is not involves in the causal chain from the exposition to the outcome, but wich is the cause of wrong estimation of the impact of the exposition on the outcome. Formally : a confounder is associed to both the exposure and the outcome but is not on the pathway between the exposure and the outcome.

Confounder
Exposure
Outcome